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语法结构-前后呼应(5)

that fall to the earth, take root, and eventually .

[A] generate new seeds
[B] new seeds generated
[C] by generating new seeds
[D] new seeds generated there

另外,我们还要注意,两个分句之间的代词与名词、助动词与实义动词之间的代替,如:I rely on the system to fix itself, which it usually does with no help from me beyond crossing my fingers. 我以靠系统来修复系统本身,除了用几下手指之外,不需要我的其它帮助,系统经常这样修复自己。

3. 对等连词所连接的各成分应在词性和形式上的呼应

26) The purpose of the research had a more important meaning for them than .

[A] ours
[B] with us
[C] for ours it had
[D] it did for us

27) Methods of flood control focus on preventing rivers from rising and .

[A] keep them within their banks
[B] to keep them within their banks
[C] keeping them within their banks
[D] being kept them within their banks

28) Both dogs and cats have [A] a keen [B] sense [C] of smell, sight, and tasting [D] .

4. 排列位置的平行,对等连词前后成分的位置应呼应

29) A widespread species, roundworms even thrive on the peaks of mountains and .

[A] at the bottoms of the oceans
[B] there are the bottoms of the oceans
[C] the bottoms of the oceans do
[D] which the bottoms of the oceans

30) My cousin composes not only [A] the music, but [B] also sings the songs for [C] major [D] Broadway musicals.

四、关于几对容易混淆词组的用法

1. “a number of +复数名词”作主语谓语动词用复数形式

“the number of+复数名词”作主语谓语动词须用单数形式

31 The number of time A an object is magnified by [B] a telescope can be determined [C] by someone who knows [D] the focal length of the objective lens and of the eyepiece.

2. “an average(total) of +复数名词”作主语谓语动词用复数形式

“the average(total) of+复数名词”作主语谓语动词须用单数形式

3. “a lot(mass, heap等) of +复数名词”作主语谓语动词用复数形式

“a lot(mass, heap等) of+不可数名词”作主语谓语动词须用单数形式

4. “these(those) kinds of +名词”作主语谓语动词用复数形式

“this(that)kind(sort) of+名词”作主语谓语动词须用单数形式

5. “what kinds of +单数名词”作主语谓语动词用复数形式

“what kind of +单数名词”作主语谓语动词须用单数形式

6. “the rest of +复数名词”作主语谓语动词用复数形式

“the rest of+单数(不可数)名词”作主语谓语动词须用单数形式

7. “分数+of +复数名词”作主语谓语动词用复数形式

“分数+ of+单数(不可数)名词”作主语谓语动词须用单数形式

8. “most of +复数名词”作主语谓语动词用复数形式

“most of+单数(不可数)名词”作主语谓语动词须用单数形式

9. “plenty of +复数名词”作主语谓语动词用复数形式

“plenty of+单数(不可数)名词”作主语谓语动词须用单数形式

五、例题解析

1) B为正确答案。

2) B错。本句的主语为characteristic(特点),“of the galaxies”是其定语,所以谓语动词也应改为第三人称单数形式is。

3) A错。应改用单数library,以便和后面的谓语动词“was”在数上一致。

4) B错。应用has been。本句中的主语是“ensuring…supply”,它表示的是一个抽象的概念或现象,可以用代词it来代替,故其谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。

5) C错。改为“is”。

6) B错。本句主语为recession(单数),故应将B处的谓语动词改用第三人称单数underscores。

7) B错。本句为一个定语从句,从句中的主语为system,所以谓语动词应改为is based。

8) A错。改为is。

9) D错。应改用复数philosophers,因为“one of …”是“其中之一”的意思,所以“one of ”之后须用复数形式。

10) C错。本句的主语应是one(单数),其后的“of the … States”是介词短语修饰one,故其谓语动词应用单数第三人称形式,即改用is。

11) C错。“one of”之后应用复数名词,故应将dancer改为dancers。

12) A错。应改用复数areas,以便和have(谓语动词)呼应。

13) A错。改为Doctors。

14) A错。改为maintain。

15) D错。本句是一个由“that”引导的定语从句,修饰先行词supply(单数),从句中的谓语动词为last(延续、持续),主语为that(代supply),故根据主谓一致的原则,应将last改为lasts。

16) C错。由于that引导的非限定性定语从句中的主语为an institution(一个机构),故应将have改为has。

17) B错。本句是一个定语从句,从句中的主语that代替“an alga and a fungas”,故谓语动词应用live。

18) A错。本句的主语为the novels(复数), 故谓语动词应用belong,“of John Cheever”是介词短语,作the novels 的定语。

19) B错。应改为think。本句的主语是people(集体名词),“who…city”是定语从句修饰people。

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