15. but 但(引导并列从句，表示转折)
5) Until the ninth century,written records were not actually separated, in some literary writing, dots or points were used to indicate divisions.
［A］ in spite of
［B］ contrary
［C］ contrast to
［D］ but
6) The firemen were unable to determine ［A］ exactly what ［B］ caused the fire, when ［C］ they said that they would continue ［D］ the investigation.
16. either … or 或者……或者；非此……即彼(连接并列词或引导并列从句)
If a scientist holds an idea to be true and finds any counter evidence whatever, the idea is either modified or abandoned.如果科学家一直认为一种观点是正确的，而他又发现了任何其他相反的根据，那他原来的观点或者被更正或者放弃。
7) Too much ［A］ electric current may flow ［B］ into a circuit as a result either of a fault ［C］ in the circuit and ［D］ of an outside event such as lighting.
17. even if (=even though) 尽管；即使(引导让步状语从句)
Myra wouldn't forget her mother's birthday, even if she seldom wrote at other times. 迈拉尽管在别的时候绝少写信，可母亲的生日她是不会忘记的。
I knew that even if the case was one in which it was impossible to anticipate the problem in advance, I could handle whatever I found. 我知道即使无法提前预测到这一问题，不管遇到什么我都会处理好的。
The man who conceives himself to be a “failure type person” will find some way to fail, in spite of all his good intentions, or his will power, even if opportunity is literally dumped in his lap. 那些认为自己是“失败型的人”总会失败的，不管他有多好的想法和多么坚强的意志，即使机会真的来到他身边。
Retirement often brings many problems surrounding the "What do I do with myself?" question, even though there may be no financial cares.即使没有经济上的顾虑，退休也会经常带来诸如“我自己怎么办?”的问题。
18. for 因为(引导原因状语从句)
8) The philosophy of science is as old as science itself there have always been scientists who reflected on the process of inquiry.
［A］ why
［B］ for
［C］ even
［D］ that
19. however 然而，但是，尽管(引导并列从句，表示转折)
So teaching gives me pace, and variety, and challenge, and the opportunity to keep on learning. I have left out, however, the most important reasons why I teach. 所以说，教学使我的工作进程有了规律，使我的生活变得丰富多彩，教学向我提出挑战，也给了我不断学习的机会。不过，我要教书的最重要的几个原因还没有讲到呢。
20. if (if only) 如果(引导条件状语从句)
9) What it rains while we are a long way from shelter?
［A］ for
［B］ if
［C］ with
［D］ time
21. in case 万一(引导条件状语从句)
I shall stay in the hotel all day in case Mary comes. 我要一直呆在旅馆，以防玛丽过来。
Take more clothes in case the weather is cold. 多带点衣服以防天气冷。
In case she arrives before I come back, ask her to wait for me. 万一在我回来之前她来了，让她等我。
In case I forget it, please remind me about it. 万一我忘了，请提醒我。
10) In case the house down, we’ll get the insurance money.
［A］ will burn
［B］ would burn
［C］ burns
［D］ burn
11) I don’t think she’ll be upset, but I'll see her in case .
［A］ she’ll
［B］ she is
［C］ she does
［D］ she would
22. in case of 万一，以防(连接名词或名词短语)
I keep am umbrella here in case of rain. 我带了把雨伞以防下雨。
In case my not being there, ask my assistant to help you. 万一我不在，叫我的助手帮帮你。
23. in order that 以便，为了(引导目的状语)
I have come all the way from Vienna in order that you should thoroughly understand me. 我从维也纳那儿远道而来就是为了你能彻底理解我。
They arrived early in order that they might get a good seat. 他们赶早而来以便能有个好座位。
24. in that 既然，因为(引导原因状语从句)
Critism and selfcritism is necessary in that it helps us to correct our mistakes. 批评与自我批评是必要的，因为能帮助我们改正错误。
This subsection has rhetorical usefulness in that it enhances the credibility of the researcher by indicating that the data presented is based on a thorough know