rth, and it has been sending back signals
as well as photographs ever since. 金星上的科学家首次把一颗卫星成功地送上了地球，此后卫星便不断地发回信号和照片。
11. because 因为 (引导原因状语从句，注意：汉语中有“……原因是因为……”，而英语中reason不和because连用)
3) The reason ［A］ I didn’t go to the meeting was ［B］ because ［C］ I got an appointment ［D］ .
12. before 在……之前(引导时间状语从句)
This means looking over a passage quickly before you begin to read it more carefully.这就是说，在细读之前先要略读一下文章。
We don't know what it is made of, but it could give us a lot of trouble and we shall have to make further tests before we send a Venus Being there. 我们不知道它是由什么构成的，但这给我们带来很多麻烦，而且在向那里(地球)送金星人之前，我们还要做大量的试验。
He practiced crop rotation and soil conservation a century before these became standard practice,and he invented a plow superior to any other in existence. 在人们普遍利用农作物轮作和土壤保持的作法前一个世纪，他就这样做了。
13. besides 除了……之外(介词，也把它归入这一章)
But teaching offers something besides money and power: it offers love.但教学还会带来钱和权力之外的东西：那便是爱。
Jefferson believed that a free man obtains knowledge from many sources besides books and that personal investigation is important.杰弗逊认为：一个自由人除了书本之外还可从其他地方获取知识，而且个人调查研究也很重要。
14 both … and … 和；不但……而且；两者都……(连接两个对等的词或词组)
Furthermore, it(weekly schedule) will enable you to plan your activities so that you have adequate time for both work and play.而且，它(每周日程安排)能帮你安排你的一切活动，使你有充足的时间学习和娱乐。
What makes it rather disturbing was the arbitrary circumstances both of my arrest and my subsequent fate in court. 这次经历令人可恼之处在于围绕着我的被捕以及随后法庭上审讯而出现的种种武断专横的情况。
Yet, as we shall see later, almost miraculous changes have occurred both in grades of students, and in the earning capacity of salesmen —— when they were prevailed upon to change their selfimages. 然而，当他们被说服改变他们的自我形象后，正如我们后边将看到的，学生的成绩和推销员的挣钱能力发生了几乎奇迹般的变化。
4) Scales(鱼鳞) both help to protect ［A］ fish ［B］ against ［C］ disease and infection or ［D］ serve as an external skeleton(骨胳) preserving body shape.
15. but 但(引导并列从句，表示转折)
5) U
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