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英国酒吧招牌简史 British Pub Signs - a Short History(2)

Cock Pit would once have been a venue for cock fighting. Ye Old Fighting Cocks in St Albans (which also claims to be the oldest pub in Britain) was originally the dovecote35) for St Albans Abbey. After the dissolution, it was realised that its circular shape made it a perfect venue for cock fighting. Just to confuse things, any pub called the Cock & Bottle has nothing to do with sport. It simply denotes that both bottled and draught beers36) were available.
  由于当时大部分人都不识字,图画式的招牌便成为一种必要手段,用以宣传酒馆或酒馆里所提供的娱乐项目。如果酒吧的名字唤作“公鸡酒馆”或“鸡窝”,那它很可能曾经就是斗鸡的场所。位于圣奥尔本斯的“老斗鸡”酒吧(也号称是英国最古老的酒吧)原本是圣奥尔本斯修道院的鸽舍。修道院被解散之后,人们发现这一环形结构的鸽舍正是斗鸡的绝佳场所。顺便提一句,那些名为“公鸡和酒瓶”的酒馆可能会引起人们的误解,事实上这一名字和游戏娱乐毫无关系,只是表示该酒馆既卖瓶装啤酒,也卖生啤酒。

  As to other entertainments, the Bear denotes bear baiting37), the Dog & Duck hunting, the Bull & Dog bull baiting and the Bird in Hand, falconry38). Nowadays, the more modern sports are represented by names like the Cricketers' Arms, the Anglers39)' Rest or the Huntsman.
  其他一些娱乐型名称也都各具其意,例如“熊”表示逗熊游戏;“狗和鸭”代表狩猎游戏;“公牛和狗”表示逗牛游戏;“抓鸟”代表猎鹰训练游戏。现如今,许多更为现代的体育或娱乐活动名称也出现在酒吧招牌上,比如“板球队员徽章”“垂钓者”或“捕猎者”。

  Often the predominant trade of the area would give the pub its name. The Golden Fleece40) is a reflection of the local wool trade. The Coopers41)', Bricklayers', Saddlers42)' and Masons43)' Arms are commonplace signs. Legend has it that the Smiths Arms in Dorset was once a blacksmith44)'s forge where Charles II stopped to have his horse shod45). Whilst he was waiting he demanded a beer but was told the smithy was unlicenced. Exercising his royal prerogative46), he granted one and was duly served.
  某一地区的主要贸易往往能够决定该地的酒吧名称。例如,“金羊毛”这一名称就反映了当地的主要贸易为羊毛贸易。 “修桶匠徽章”“砌砖匠徽章”“制鞍匠徽章”和“石匠徽章”也是常见的招牌名称。传说位于多赛特的“铁匠徽章”酒吧原来是个铁匠铺,查理二世曾在此停留,给马钉蹄铁。在等待的间隙,他想来点啤酒,但人们告诉他这个铁匠铺没有售酒许可。于是查理二世便行使他的君权,为这家铁匠铺颁发了售酒许可证,就此如愿喝到了啤酒。

  In the 18th Century, the population became more mobile and a need for coaching inns grew with predictable names such as Coach & Horses or Horse & Groom. Later the advent of steam gave every town its Railway Inn or Station Arms.
  到了18世纪,随着人口流动性的增加,人们需要更多能为过路的马车和乘客提供住宿的酒吧,可以想象得到,这样的酒吧名称多为“马车和马匹”或者“马匹和马夫”。后来,随着蒸汽时代的到来,每个城镇都出现了名为“铁道酒馆”或“车站徽章”的酒吧。

  Where Good Stories Come From
  看酒吧招牌,听精彩故事

Ye Olde Fighting Cocks  There is a story that, in Stoney Stratford, the London coach changed horses at the Bull and the Birmingham coach across the road at the Cock Inn. The passengers from the respective coaches would swap news whilst waiting for the change and it is from this that the phrase “cock and bull story47)” is said to have originated.
  有这样一个故事:在斯通尼斯坦福德镇,从伦敦来的马车在“公牛”酒馆更换马匹,从伯明翰来的马车在街对面的“公鸡”酒馆更换马匹。两边马车上的乘客们边等待更换马匹边聊天,互通有无。据说,这就是俗语“公鸡和公牛的故事” 的最初起源。

  Plenty of cock and bull stories and local legends have found their way onto pub signs. Take, for example, the Drunken Duck at Barngates. The landlady one day found all of her ducks dead in the yard. Unaccustomed to waste, she plucked48) them ready for cooking. As she finished, the ducks began to revive and a search of the yard revealed a leaking beer barrel surrounded by webbed footprints. She was apparently so contrite49) that she knitted50) little jackets until their feathers grew back.
  酒吧招牌讲述着许多“公鸡和公牛的故事”以及众多的民间传奇故事。就拿一家位于巴尔盖特的酒吧来说吧,它那名为“醉鸭”的招牌背后就流传着这样一个传说。有一天,女店主发现她所有的鸭子都死在了院子里。于是,从不浪费的她便给这些鸭子褪毛,准备将它们煮熟。没想到她刚给鸭子褪完毛,它们竟又活了过来。她找遍院子的每个角落,最后发现了一个漏酒的啤酒桶,酒桶周围布满了蹼形的脚印。明白事情的原委后,她懊悔无比,于是便给鸭子织了小外套穿上,等待它们重新长出新毛。

  Alternatively, there was the Flying Monk of Malmesbury who claimed his faith was so strong it would enable him to fly. He jumped from the top of the local abbey to demonstrate his faith and … well, the pub was a nice memorial51)!
  此外,马姆斯伯里镇一家名为“会飞的修道士”酒吧还流传这样一个故事:有个“修道士”声称自己的信仰非常强大,能够让他飞起来。为了证明信仰的力量,他从当地修道院的屋顶上跳了下来……结果呢,这家酒吧就成了纪念修道士的不错的纪念馆!

  It is rare to take time to consider the sign outside the pub in the rush to get inside but few pubs were named by accident. Almost every name has a story behind it and, together, they illustrate the social history of England. With names enduring for centuries it is possible that the sign above the door is as old as the pleasure of drinking itself.
  很少有人在急匆匆地走进酒吧之前,还花时间去揣摩酒吧招牌的含义。但这些酒吧的名字可不是随随便便起的,几乎每个名字背后都有一段故事。将这些各式各样的名字和故事综合起来,就是英国社会历史的浓缩和积淀。既然酒吧的名字能够流传数百年,那么酒吧门上方挂着的招牌大概也与喝酒本身的乐趣一样,历史悠久,源远流长。

  1. Olde Worlde:古色古香的
  2. horse brass:黄铜马饰
  3. religious house:修道院
  4. cater for:供应伙食,迎合
  5. pilgrim [ˈpɪlɡrɪm] n. 圣地朝拜者,朝圣
  6. Crusade [kruːˈseɪd] n. 十字军远征,在11、12或13世纪时,欧洲的基督教徒为了从穆斯林手中收复圣地而发动的军事远征
  7. Holy Land:圣地(圣经中的巴勒斯坦地区)
  8. Jerusalem [dʒəˌruːsələm] n. 耶路撒冷(巴勒斯坦著名古城)
  9. cellar [ˈselə(r)] n. 地下室,酒窖
  10. Richard the Lionheart:狮心王理查一世(1157~1199),英格兰国王(1189~1199年在位),以穷兵黩武和凶狠残暴闻名于世,历史上称为“狮心王”。
  11. monastery [ˈmɒnəst(ə)rɪ] n. 修道院
  12. mitre [ˈmaɪtə(r)] n. 主教法冠
  13. Ark [ɑː(r)k] n. (基督教《圣经》中诺亚为避洪水而造的)方舟
  14. politic [ˈpɒlətɪk] adj. 明智的,策略的
  15. allegiance [əˈliːdʒ(ə)ns] n. 忠贞,效忠
  16. heraldry [ˈherəldrɪ] n. 纹章
  17. coat of arms:盾形纹章,盾徽
  18. Norman Conquest:诺曼征服(以诺曼底公爵威廉为首的法国封建主对英格兰的征服,始于1066年)
  19. unicorn [ˈjuːnɪˌkɔː(r)n] n. 独角兽,麒麟
  20. Hanoverian [ˈhænəʊvə(r)ɪən] n. 汉诺威王朝,1714~1901年间统治英国的王朝
  21. Edward III:爱德华三世(1312~1377),英格兰国王(1327~1377年在位)
  22. gentry [ˈdʒentrɪ] n. 贵族们
  23. cognizance [ˈkɒɡnɪz(ə)ns] n. 纹章
  24. catch sb.'s imagination:让人感到兴奋、有趣
  25. immortalise [ɪˈmɔː(r)t(ə)laɪz] vt. 使不朽
  26. Lord Nelson:指霍雷肖·纳尔逊(Horatio Nelson, 1758~1805),英国海军中将,世界著名海军统帅,

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