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语调(二)

  上期我们学习了几种常见句式(陈述句、特殊疑问句、祈使句和一般疑问句和答语)的语调,本期栏目将继续介绍以下几种句式的语调。

  选择疑问句的语调

  选择疑问句的语调主要有两种:

  1.在说话人所说的几个选项中选择时,前面的选择事项用升调,最后一项用降调,中间的连接词如or等用平调。例如:

  Is your car ↗blue, ↗green or red?↘

  Do you go there by bus↗ or by taxi?↘

  2. 如果说话人还有其他选择没说出来,那么几项选择都用升调。例如:

  Is your car ↗blue, ↗green or red?↗

  Do you go there by bus↗ or by taxi?↗

  反意疑问句的语调

  反意疑问句前一部分用降调,后一部分有两种情况:

  1. 提问者对所提问题没有把握,希望对方回答时,用升调。例如:

  You will go to see the film,↘ won't you?↗

  They went to the library,↘ didn't they?↗

  2. 提问者对所提问题有很大把握,让对方证实时,用降调。例如:

  He is from China,↘ isn't he?↘

  There are over 1000 people in the hall,↘ aren't there?↘

  问候、告别、道谢与道歉时的语调

  问候:

  1. 通常情况下,客气的问候用降调。例如:

  Good morning.↘

  How are you?↘

  2. 熟人、朋友互相问候时,或表示活泼、热情时用升调。例如:

  Good morning.↗

  How are you?↗

  告别:大部分告别都用降调。例如:

  Goodbye.↘

  See you later.↘

  Good night.↘

  道谢:感谢一般用降调。例如:

  Thank you.↘

  Thanks a lot.↘

  道歉:道歉一般用降调。例如:

  Sorry.↘

  I'm sorry.↘

  长句的语调

  1. 句首状语一般用升调。例如:

  After dinner↗ I'll visit my uncle.↘

  When I walked into the room,↗ the phone rang.↘

  2. 主语比较长或为主语从句时,用升调。例如:

  What we want↗ is plenty of time.↘

  The man carrying a box↗ is Jack's brother.↘

  3. 并列句的两部分意思联系紧密,前一分句用升调,后一分句用降调。例如:

  He opened the door↗ and Mary walked in.↘

  The left cup is yours↗ and the right one is mine.↘

  4. 并列句的两个部分内容联系不紧密,或具有同等重要性时,两个分句都用降调。例如:

  We must start now↘ or we'll be late.↘

  I'll go to America↘ and Mary will go to Britain.↘

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