虽然新闻里还是经常会报道“H1N1甲型流感”的新增病例,但随着时间的推移,当初的恐慌渐渐退去,面对着像“H1N1”这样似乎很拗口的名词,大家都越来越理性、从容。轻松面对的同时,我们一起来回顾一下几个曾经让我们的生活掀起小小波澜的名词。
H1N1甲型流感
Meaning: the current strain of H1N1 consists of genes already found in existing variations of swine, avian and human flu viruses.
记得2003年的“非典”带来一系列的新词汇。事隔几年,当我们再看到SARS这个英文缩写时,或许还有点心有余悸。香港人还把SARS音译成“沙士”这个好听的名字。如今全球都在对抗H1N1甲型流感,该病毒包含有猪流感、禽流感和人流感三种流感病毒的基因片断,是一种新型流感病毒。不知道日后它会不会也有一个中文音译名呢?大家不妨也来开动脑筋想一想吧。
An Australian man with the H1N1 flu has died but the cause of death is uncertain. (一名患有甲型流感的澳洲人已经死亡但死因尚未确定。)
Many countries are monitoring the H1N1 influenza situation closely and have increased disease surveillance.(很多国家正密切监测甲型流感状况并增加了疾病监督。)
Swine Flu猪流感
Meaning: official named swine influenza A (H1N1).
当H1N1甲型流感这个官方名还没问世之前,人们都把这种传染速度极快的流感叫做猪流感(swine flu)。大家都有先入为主的习惯,现在还有不少老人家尚未改口。最不幸的应该是那些食用猪,顷刻间,老百姓都对猪肉有所避忌。幸好世卫为食用猪讨回了公道,用H1N1甲型流感取代猪流感(swine flu)。
It is not surprising that swine flu is more familiar to the elderly than its official name H1N1 Influenza A. (长者们对猪流感的叫法比对其官方名H1N1甲型流感要更熟悉,这并不奇怪。)
Egyptians seized and slaughtered[屠宰] pig herds as a precaution against swine flu. (埃及人捉捕并屠宰猪群以预防猪流感。)
Tamiflu 特敏福
Meaning: a sort of medicine which can lesson the flu symptoms but it is not a cure for H1N1 influenza A.
“特敏福”(Tamiflu)又称“达菲”。其化学通用名是奥司他韦(Oseltamivir),是一种作用于神经氨酸酶的特异性抑制剂,其抑制神经氨酸酶的作用,可以抑制成熟的流感病毒脱离宿主细胞,从而抑制流感病毒在人体内传播以起到治疗流行性感冒的作用。
As the H1N1 flu broke out, there were an increasing number of people in the drugstore for Tamiflu. (由于甲型流感爆发,到药店买特敏福的人不断增多。)
You don’t need to have a prescription to buy Tamiflu. (你不需要药方就可以买到特敏福。)
Pandemic Phases 大流行病警戒级别
Meaning: WHO has divided pandemics into six phases.
Pandemic Phase 1—Low risk of human cases.
Pandemic Phase 2—Higher risk of human cases.
Pandemic Phase 3—No or very limited human-to-human transmission.
Pandemic Phase 4—Evidence of increased human-to-human transmission.
Pandemic Phase 5—Evidence of significant human-to-human transmission.
Pandemic Phase 6—Efficient and sustained human-to-human transmission.
世界卫生组织(WHO)将用来评定疫病危险等级的警告分成六个等级。其中,第一至三级处于准备阶段,包括医疗设施的扩容以及响应预案的准备;第四至六级则清晰地标明需要采取措施来缓和局势。2009年6月,WHO将相关流感大流行警戒提升为第六级,是41年内首次。
The grouping and description of pandemic phases have been revised to make them easier to understand, more precise, and based upon observable phenomena. (对大流行病警戒级别的分类和描述已被修改,务求令它们更易懂、更准确并以可观察到的现象为根据。)
The WHO raised the worldwide pandemic phase to 6 on June 11, 2009. (联合国世界卫生组织于2009年6月11日把全球性流感大流行警戒级别提升为第六级。)