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语调(一) Intonation

  语调,即说话的腔调,指一句话里声调高低抑扬顿挫的变化。英语的基本语调包括升调(↗)和降调(↘),它们还可以组合成降升调、升降调和升降升调。用不同的语调读句子就会有不同的意思。

  降调:基本含义是“结束”、“肯定”。常见的是一般陈述句、命令祈使句和特殊疑问句都用降调。

  升调:基本含义是“没有结束”、“不肯定”。常见的一般疑问句用升调。

  升降调:表示预期强烈、惊奇、自满得意等感情。

  升降升调:表示自信、欢快、洋洋得意等感情。

  常见句式的语调

  陈述句的语调

  1.陈述客观事实的陈述句用降调。例如:

  They’re from Venezuela. ↘

  We’re going to visit them. ↘

  I have a dog. ↘

  He’s here, but she isn’t. ↘

  She’s my sister and he’s my cousin. ↘

  After you get here, have a cup of tea. ↘

  Before you start, take a deep breath. ↘

  Mrs. Parish is the head of the department.↘

  2.表示惊讶、激动、生气、恐惧等强烈情绪的陈述句用降调。例如:

  Amsterdam is one of the most beautiful cities I’ve ever seen! ↘

  I can’t believe he actually said that to you!↘

  We’re never gonna finish this project on time! ↘

  3.数数和罗列:在这些句子中,最后一项用降调,其它每一项都用升调。例如:

  ↗One, ↗two, ↗three, ↗four, five. ↘

  I need ↗shoes, ↗socks, ↗shirts, and pants. ↘

  She likes ↗perfume, ↗chocolates, ↗flowers, and money. ↘

  特殊疑问句的语调

  特殊疑问句一般用降调,句首的疑问词一般重读。例如:

  Who is the teacher? ↘

  Why are you crying? ↘

  What time is it? ↘

  How much is the movie? ↘

  When does the show begin? ↘

  祈使句的语调

  祈使句用于要求、请求或命令别人做或不做某事。普通祈使句就像普通陈述句一样用降调。例如:

  Put the letter in the mailbox. ↘

  Bring me a cup of coffee. ↘

  Tell me where the bus stop is. ↘

  Don’t take any chances. ↘

  一般疑问句和答语的语调

  一般疑问句用升调,它的简略回答用降调。例如:

  Are you hungry? ↗

  Yes, I am. ↘

  No, I am not. ↘

  Do you likeice cream? ↗

  Yes, I do. ↘

  No, I don’t. ↘

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