B) an English teacer in a university for the deaf
"C) Some senior experts in American Sign Language
' D) a famous Scholar in the'study of the human brain
13. According to Stokoe, sign language is
A) an international language C) an artificial language
B) a substandard language D) a genuine language
14. Most educators objected to Stokoe's idea because they thought
A) a language should be easy to use and understand
B) sign language was tOO artificial to be widely accepted
C) a language could only exist in the form of speech sounds
D) sign language was not extensively used even by deaf people
15. Stokoe's argument is based on his belief that
A) language is a product of the brain
B) language is a system of meaningful codes
C) sign language is derived from natural language
D) sign language is as efficient as any other language
Passage Two
Questions 16 to 20 are based on the following passage.
A is for always getting to work on time.
B is for being extremely busy.
C is for the conscientious ( 勤勤恳恳的 ) way you do your job.
You may be all these things at'the office, and more. But when it comes to getting ahead, experts' Say, the ABcs of business should include a P, for politics, as in office politics.
Dale Carnegie suggested as'much more than 50 years ago: Hard work alone doesn't ensure Career advancemen. You have to be able to sell yourself and your ideas, both publicly and behind the'scefies. Yet,' despite the ovious rewards Of engaging in office politics - a better job, a raise, praise- many people are still unable or unwilling - to "play the game."
"People assume that office politics involves some manipulative (工于心计的) behavior," says Deborah Comer, an assistant professor of management at Hofstra University. "But politics derives from the word 'polite'. It can mean lobbying and forming associations. It can mean being kind and helpful, or even trying, to please your superior, and then'expecting something in return."
In fact, today, experts define office politics as proper behavior used to pursue one's own self-interest in the workplace. In many cases, this involves some form of socializing within the office environment - not just in large companies, but in small workplaces as well.
"The first thing people are usually judged on is their ability to perform well on a consistent basis," says Neil P. Lewis, a management psychologist. "But if two or three candidates are up for a promotion, each of whom has reasonably similar ability, a manager is going to promote the person he or shelikes best. It's simple human nature."
Yet, psychologists say, many employees and employers have trouble with the concept of politics in the office. Some people, they say, have an idealistic vision of work and what it takes to succeed. Still others associate politics withfiattery 奉承), fearful that, if they speak up for themselves, they may appear to be flattering their boss for favors.
Experts suggest altering this negative picture by recognizing the need for some self-promotion.
16. "Office politics" (Line 2, Para. 4) is used in the passage to refer to
A) the political views and beliefs of office workers
B) the interpersonal relationships within a company
C) the various qualities required for a successful career
D) the code of behavior for company staff
17. To get promoted, one must not only be competent but
A) avoid being too outstanding
B) get along well with his colleagues
C) honest and loyal to his company
D) give his boss a good impression
18. Why are many people unwilling to "play the game" (Line 4, Para. 5)?
A) They are not good at manipulating colleagues.
B) They feel that such behavior is unprincipled.
C) They think the effort will get them nowhere.
D) They believe that doing so is impractical.
19. The author considers office poetics to be .
A) unwelcome at the workplace
B) bad for interpersonal relationships
C) an important factor for personal advancement
D)
